基于包安装
CentOS 8 包仓库中目前还没有提供tomcat相关包
CentOS 7 yum仓库源中自带的Tomcat 7.0版本安装，此方式安装tomcat版本较低，不推荐
范例：在CentOS 7 上安装tomcat
[root@centos7 ~]#yum list tomcat*
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base:
Available Packages
tomcat.noarch 7.0.76-9.el7_6 base
tomcat-admin-webapps.noarch 7.0.76-9.el7_6 base
tomcat-docs-webapp.noarch 7.0.76-9.el7_6 base
tomcat-el-2.2-api.noarch 7.0.76-9.el7_6 base
tomcat-javadoc.noarch 7.0.76-9.el7_6 base
tomcat-jsp-2.2-api.noarch 7.0.76-9.el7_6 base
tomcat-jsvc.noarch 7.0.76-9.el7_6 base
tomcat-lib.noarch 7.0.76-9.el7_6 base
tomcat-native.x86_64 1.2.21-1.el7 epel
tomcat-servlet-3.0-api.noarch 7.0.76-9.el7_6 base
tomcat-webapps.noarch 7.0.76-9.el7_6 base
tomcatjss.noarch 7.2.1-8.el7_6 base
[root@centos7 ~]#yum -y install tomcat tomcat-webapps tomcat-admin-webapps
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl enable --now tomcat
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/tomcat.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service.
[root@centos7 ~]#ss -ntl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 1 [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::]:8009 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::]:8080 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@centos7 ~]#getent passwd tomcat
tomcat:x:53:53:Apache Tomcat:/usr/share/tomcat:/sbin/nologin
[root@centos7 ~]#ps aux|grep tomcat
tomcat 1328 0.4 11.2 2298188 112004 ? Ssl 21:32 0:11 /usr/lib/jvm/jre/bin/java -classpath /usr/share/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/share/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar:/usr/share/java/commons-daemon.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/share/tomcat -Dcatalina.home=/usr/share/tomcat -Djava.endorsed.dirs= -Djava.io.tmpdir=/var/cachetomcat/temp -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/share/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root 1521 0.0 0.0 112712 960 pts/0 R+ 22:15 0:00 grep --color=auto tomcat
打开浏览器访问：http://tomcat:8080/
二进制安装
可以从Apache官网下载二进制tomcat包8.x.x，推荐此方式
下载并安装
#官网或镜像网站下载：https://tomcat.apache.org/download-80.cgi
[root@centos8 ~]#wget http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.5.50/bin/apache-tomcat-8.5.50.tar.gz
[root@centos8 ~]#tar xf apache-tomcat-8.5.50.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@centos8 ~]#cd /usr/local/
[root@centos8 local]#ln -s apache-tomcat-8.5.50/ tomcat
[root@centos8 ~]#echo 'PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
[root@centos8 ~]#. /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
[root@centos8 ~]#echo $PATH
/usr/local/tomcat/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/jdk/bin:/root/bin
[root@centos8 ~]#startup.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/jdk/jre
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[root@centos8 ~]#ss -ntl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 100 *:8080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 1 [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 *:8009 *:*
#查看进程是以root启动的
[root@centos8 ~]#ps aux|grep tomcat
root 12994 34.1 9.4 2155140 76912 pts/0 Sl 22:38 0:02 /usr/local/jdk/jre/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
root 13039 0.0 0.1 12108 1076 pts/0 R+ 22:38 0:00 grep --color=auto tomcat
[root@centos8 ~]#shutdown.sh
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/jdk/jre
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
[root@centos8 ~]#ss -ntl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@centos8 ~]#catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/jdk/jre
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
[root@centos8 ~]#ss -ntl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 100 *:8080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 1 [::ffff:127.0.0.1]:8005 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 *:8009 *:*
[root@centos8 ~]#catalina.sh stop
Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME: /usr/local/jdk/jre
Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar打开浏览器访问：http://tomcat:8080/，正常可以看到以下界面
扩展知识：tomcat和catalina关系
Tomcat的servlet容器在4.X版本中被Craig McClanahan重新设计为Catalina.即Catalina就是servlet容器。
Tomcat的核心分为3个部分:
（1）Web容器—处理静态页面；
（2）catalina — 一个servlet容器—–处理servlet;
（3）还有就是JSP容器，它就是把jsp页面翻译成一般的servlet
Catalina是美国西海岸靠近洛杉矶22英里的一个小岛，因为其风景秀丽而著名，曾被评为全美最漂亮的小岛。Servlet运行模块的最早开发者Craig McClanahan因为喜欢Catalina岛故以Catalina命名他所开这个模块，另外在开发的早期阶段，Tomcat是被搭建在一个叫Avalon的服务器框架上，而Avalon则是Catalina岛上的一个小镇的名字，于是想一个与小镇名字相关联的单词也是自然而然。设计者估计是想把tomcat设计成最美的轻量级容器吧。下图为该小岛。
3.2.2.2 配置tomcat自启动的service文件
#创建tomcat专用帐户
[root@centos8 ~]#usermod -r -s /sbin/nologin tomcat
#准备service文件中相关环境文件
[root@centos8 ~]#vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat.conf
[root@centos8 ~]#cat /usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat.conf
JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
[root@centos8 ~]#chown -R tomcat.tomcat /usr/local/tomcat/
#创建tomcat.service文件
[root@centos8 ~]#vim /lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service
[root@centos8 ~]#cat /lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service
[Unit]
Description=Tomcat
#After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
After=syslog.target network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
EnvironmentFile=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
ExecStop=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
PrivateTmp=true
User=tomcat
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@centos8 ~]#systemctl daemon-reload
[root@centos8 ~]#systemctl enable --now tomcat
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/tomcat.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service.
[root@centos8 ~]#systemctl status tomcat
● tomcat.service - Tomcat
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Sat 2020-02-08 23:37:02 CST; 5s ago
Process: 14312 ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 14320 (java)
Tasks: 43 (limit: 4895)
Memory: 64.2M
CGroup: /system.slice/tomcat.service
└─14320 /usr/local/jdk/jre/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging>
Feb 08 23:37:02 centos8.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Tomcat...
Feb 08 23:37:02 centos8.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Tomcat.
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