传递运行命令
容器需要有一个前台运行的进程才能保持容器的运行，通过传递运行参数是一种方式，另外也可以在构建镜像的时候指定容器启动时运行的前台命令
容器里的PID为1的守护进程的实现方式
-服务类：如：Nginx，tomcat，apache ，但服务不能停
-命令类：如：tail -f /etc/hosts ，主要用于测试环境，注意：不要tail -f 服务访问日志,会产生不必要的磁盘IO
范例：
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker run -d alpine
6ec8989f572a41d2d0c7d2cb12ac31de14de38af0a01af405f81dbfcf534b716
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6ec8989f572a alpine "/bin/sh" 3 seconds ago Exited (0) 2 seconds ago gallant_albattani
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker run -d alpine tail -f /etc/hosts
2bc9fa486769a2335f7e9aa67c7d3e7f091ba9b76d38dff868b8fd648251b576
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2bc9fa486769 alpine "tail -f /etc/hosts" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds stupefied_keldysh
6ec8989f572a alpine "/bin/sh" 23 seconds ago Exited (0) 22 seconds ago gallant_albattani
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker exec -it 2bc9fa486769 sh
/ # ps aux
PID USER TIME COMMAND
1 root 0:00 tail -f /etc/hosts
11 root 0:00 sh
17 root 0:00 ps aux
/ # exit
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1e30dfc283da alpine "tail -f /etc/hosts" About a minute ago Up About a minute kind_mcclintock容器的启动和停止
格式
docker start|stop|restart|pause|unpause 容器ID范例：
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker run -d --name nginx1 nginx
8d9342b35589b72c3f7f01f4d9fe8797e974cda8ba28d2bac69ee578aa592ca2
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8d9342b35589 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 5 seconds ago Up 4 seconds 80/tcp nginx1
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker stop nginx1
nginx1
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8d9342b35589 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 15 seconds ago Exited (0) 2 seconds ago nginx1
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker start nginx1
nginx1
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8d9342b35589 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 21 seconds ago Up 1 second 80/tcp nginx1
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker restart nginx1
nginx1
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8d9342b35589 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 30 seconds ago Up 1 second 80/tcp nginx1
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#
批量正常关闭所有运行中的容器
docker stop $(docker ps -a -q) 范例：
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker rm -f docker ps -a -q
b722c745406c
8d9342b35589
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker run -d --name nginx1 nginx
1f3f82995e052647678fd27bfa27a5b5615efc129270698cbaac3120544d6609
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker run -d --name nginx2 nginx
dd002f947cbe786ac0e834e06744337556f82d5850f4b16e01f12b9b3759f83e
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
dd002f947cbe nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 80/tcp nginx2
1f3f82995e05 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 7 seconds ago Up 6 seconds 80/tcp nginx1
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker stop docker ps -a -q
dd002f947cbe
1f3f82995e05
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
dd002f947cbe nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 22 seconds ago Exited (0) 2 seconds ago nginx2
1f3f82995e05 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 25 seconds ago Exited (0) 2 seconds ago nginx1
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker start docker ps -a -q
dd002f947cbe
1f3f82995e05
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
dd002f947cbe nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 minutes ago Up 1 second 80/tcp nginx2
1f3f82995e05 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 minutes ago Up 1 second 80/tcp nginx1
范例：暂停和恢复容器
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker run -itd centos
708bedcbd31be0ecac11aa21a7d15718d440e4bf65e3e6a8670f7391de21f301
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
708bedcbd31b centos "/bin/bash" 4 seconds ago Up 1 second blissful_payne
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker pause blissful_payne
blissful_payne
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
708bedcbd31b centos "/bin/bash" 19 seconds ago Up 17 seconds (Paused) blissful_payne
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker unpause blissful_payne
blissful_payne
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
708bedcbd31b centos "/bin/bash" 33 seconds ago Up 31 seconds blissful_payne给正在运行的容器发信号
docker kill 可以给容器发信号
格式
docker kill [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]
选项:
-s, --signal string Signal to send to the container (default "KILL")[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
dd002f947cbe nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 minutes ago Up 1 second 80/tcp nginx2
1f3f82995e05 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 minutes ago Up 1 second 80/tcp nginx1
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker kill nginx1
nginx1
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
dd002f947cbe nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 5 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 80/tcp nginx2
1f3f82995e05 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 5 minutes ago Exited (137) 2 seconds ago nginx1
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#范例：关闭所有容器
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
dd002f947cbe nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 7 minutes ago Up 2 seconds 80/tcp nginx2
1f3f82995e05 nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 7 minutes ago Up 3 seconds 80/tcp nginx1
#强制关闭所有运行中的容器
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker kill docker ps -a -q
dd002f947cbe
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