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Docker仓库管理

Docker仓库,类似于yum仓库,是用来保存镜像的仓库。为了方便的管理和使用docker镜像,可以将镜像集中保存至Docker仓库中,将制作好的镜像push到仓库集中保存,在需要镜像时,从仓库中pull镜像即可。

Docker 仓库分为公有云仓库和私有云仓库

公有云仓库:由互联网公司对外公开的仓库

  • 官方
  • 阿里云等第三方仓库

私有云仓库:组织内部搭建的仓库,一般只为组织内部使用,常使用下面软件搭建仓库

  • docker registory
  • docker harbor

官方docker 仓库

将自制的镜像上传至docker仓库;https://hub.docker.com/

注册账户

访问hub.docker.com注册账户,并登录

docker-镜像仓库管理插图
docker-镜像仓库管理插图1
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docker-镜像仓库管理插图3
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使用用户仓库管理镜像

每个注册用户都可以上传和管理自已的镜像

用户登录

上传镜像前需要执行docker login命令登录,登录后生成~/.docker/config.json文件保存验证信息

格式

docker login [OPTIONS] [SERVER]
选项:
-p, --password string   Password
    --password-stdin    Take the password from stdin
-u, --username string   Username

范例:

[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker login  -u wangxiaochun -pP@ssw0rd!  docker.io
WARNING! Using --password via the CLI is insecure. Use --password-stdin.
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#cat .docker/config.json 
{
    "auths": {
        "https://index.docker.io/v1/": {
            "auth": "d2FuZ3hpYW9jaHVuOmxidG9vdGgwNjE4"
        }
    },
    "HttpHeaders": {
        "User-Agent": "Docker-Client/19.03.5 (linux)"
    }
}[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#
给本地镜像打标签

上传本地镜像前必须先给上传的镜像用docker tag 命令打标签

标签格式: docker.io/用户帐号/镜像名:TAG

范例:

[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker tag alpine:3.11 docker.io/wangxiaochun/alpine:3.11-v1
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker images 
REPOSITORY              TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
haproxy-centos7         2.1.2               5eccdb29a058        4 hours ago         428MB
nginx-ubuntu1804        1.16.1              19efdd23ac87        18 hours ago        378MB
nginx-alpine            1.16.1              978a43bbb61d        19 hours ago        211MB
alpine-base             3.11                b162eecf4da9        20 hours ago        182MB
tomcat-web              app2                0e1760fe79a6        40 hours ago        838MB
tomcat-web              app1                76016219a0ca        40 hours ago        838MB
tomcat-base             v8.5.50             8d5395cb72c4        41 hours ago        824MB
centos7-jdk             8u212               e0fe770a7ccd        42 hours ago        809MB
centos7-base            v1                  34ab3afcd3b3        43 hours ago        403MB
alpine                  3.11                e7d92cdc71fe        12 days ago         5.59MB
alpine                  latest              e7d92cdc71fe        12 days ago         5.59MB
wangxiaochun/alpine     3.11-v1             e7d92cdc71fe        12 days ago         5.59MB
ubuntu                  18.04               ccc6e87d482b        2 weeks ago         64.2MB
ubuntu                  bionic              ccc6e87d482b        2 weeks ago         64.2MB
centos                  centos7.7.1908      08d05d1d5859        2 months ago        204MB
上传本地镜像至官网
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker push docker.io/wangxiaochun/alpine:3.11-v1
The push refers to repository [docker.io/wangxiaochun/alpine]
5216338b40a7: Mounted from wanglinux/alpine-base 
3.11-v1: digest: sha256:ddba4d27a7ffc3f86dd6c2f92041af252a1f23a8e742c90e6e1297bfa1bc0c45 size: 528
在官网验证上传的镜像

docker-镜像仓库管理插图5
docker-镜像仓库管理插图6
docker-镜像仓库管理插图7

下载上传的镜像并创建容器

在另一台主机上下载镜像

[root@centos7 ~]#docker pull wangxiaochun/alpine:3.11-v1
3.11-v1: Pulling from wangxiaochun/alpine
c9b1b535fdd9: Already exists 
Digest: sha256:ddba4d27a7ffc3f86dd6c2f92041af252a1f23a8e742c90e6e1297bfa1bc0c45
Status: Downloaded newer image for wangxiaochun/alpine:3.11-v1
docker.io/wangxiaochun/alpine:3.11-v1
[root@centos7 ~]#docker images 
REPOSITORY              TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
wangxiaochun/alpine     3.11-v1             e7d92cdc71fe        12 days ago         5.59MB
[root@centos7 ~]#docker run -it --rm wangxiaochun/alpine:3.11-v1 sh
/ # cat /etc/issue
Welcome to Alpine Linux 3.11
Kernel \r on an \m (\l)
/ # du -sh /
5.6M    /
/ # exit
[root@centos7 ~]#
使用组织管理镜像

组织类似于名称空间,每个组织的名称全网站唯一,一个组织可以有多个用户帐户使用,并且可以指定不同用户对组织内的仓库不同的权限

三种不同权限

  • Read-only:Pull and view repository details and builds
  • Read &Write:Pull, push, and view a repository; view, cancel, retry or trigger builds
  • Admin:Pull, push, view, edit, and delete a repository; edit build settings; update the repository description
创建组织

docker-镜像仓库管理插图8
docker-镜像仓库管理插图9
docker-镜像仓库管理插图10

创建组织内的团队,并分配权限

docker-镜像仓库管理插图11
docker-镜像仓库管理插图12
docker-镜像仓库管理插图13

上传镜像前登录帐号
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker login docker.io 
Login with your Docker ID to push and pull images from Docker Hub. If you don't have a Docker ID, head over to https://hub.docker.com to create one.
Username: wangxiaochun  
Password: 
WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

Login Succeeded
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#cat .docker/config.json 
{
    "auths": {
        "https://index.docker.io/v1/": {
            "auth": "d2FuZ3hpYW9jaHVuOmxidG9vdGgwNjE4"
        }
    },
    "HttpHeaders": {
        "User-Agent": "Docker-Client/19.03.5 (linux)"
    }
}[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#
给本地镜像打标签
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker tag alpine-base:3.11 docker.io/wanglinux/alpine-base:3.11
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker images 
REPOSITORY              TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
haproxy-centos7         2.1.2               5eccdb29a058        4 hours ago         428MB
nginx-ubuntu1804        1.16.1              19efdd23ac87        18 hours ago        378MB
nginx-alpine            1.16.1              978a43bbb61d        19 hours ago        211MB
alpine-base             3.11                b162eecf4da9        20 hours ago        182MB
wanglinux/alpine-base   3.11                b162eecf4da9        20 hours ago        182MB
tomcat-web              app2                0e1760fe79a6        40 hours ago        838MB
tomcat-web              app1                76016219a0ca        40 hours ago        838MB
tomcat-base             v8.5.50             8d5395cb72c4        41 hours ago        824MB
centos7-jdk             8u212               e0fe770a7ccd        42 hours ago        809MB
centos7-base            v1                  34ab3afcd3b3        43 hours ago        403MB
alpine                  3.11                e7d92cdc71fe        12 days ago         5.59MB
alpine                  latest              e7d92cdc71fe        12 days ago         5.59MB
wangxiaochun/alpine     3.11-v1             e7d92cdc71fe        12 days ago         5.59MB
ubuntu                  18.04               ccc6e87d482b        2 weeks ago         64.2MB
ubuntu                  bionic              ccc6e87d482b        2 weeks ago         64.2MB
centos                  centos7.7.1908      08d05d1d5859        2 months ago        204MB
上传镜像到指定的组织
[root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker push docker.io/wanglinux/alpine-base:3.11
The push refers to repository [docker.io/wanglinux/alpine-base]
1783f0912dfb: Pushed 
1e5e8d5ab333: Pushed 
5216338b40a7: Mounted from library/alpine 
3.11: digest: sha256:7931fed46d377698dacb194d46017c53bc24f2e9ee41e893e6900c07d1153536 size: 947
在网站看查看上传的镜像

docker-镜像仓库管理插图14
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docker-镜像仓库管理插图16

下载上传的镜像并运行容器

在另一台主机上下载镜像

[root@centos7 ~]#docker images 
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
[root@centos7 ~]#docker pull wanglinux/alpine-base:3.11
3.11: Pulling from wanglinux/alpine-base
c9b1b535fdd9: Pull complete 
327af1e87fd8: Pull complete 
d88818b49372: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:7931fed46d377698dacb194d46017c53bc24f2e9ee41e893e6900c07d1153536
Status: Downloaded newer image for wanglinux/alpine-base:3.11
docker.io/wanglinux/alpine-base:3.11
[root@centos7 ~]#docker images 
REPOSITORY              TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
wanglinux/alpine-base   3.11                b162eecf4da9        20 hours ago        182MB

[root@centos7 ~]#docker run -it --rm wanglinux/alpine-base:3.11 sh
/ # cat /etc/issue
Welcome to Alpine Linux 3.11
Kernel \r on an \m (\l)
/ # du -sh /
190.1M  /
/ # exit
[root@centos7 ~]#

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docker实战-利用docker结合负载实现网络架构高可用

docker-阿里云docker镜像仓库

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